Consult the lists below to find out which form to use following which verbs. In sentences, gerunds and gerund phrases may be used anywhere nouns may be used. He was embarrassed to admit making a mistake advise. On this page you can try some gerund and infinitive exercises to test your knowledge in the first exercise there is a story about ali, who is. How do i know when a verb should be followed by a gerund or an. Eating too much fast food is not good for your health.
Simple rules to master the use of gerunds and infinitives. Its often used with the verbs to say, to announce, to tell you and to inform you. I didnt anticipate having to do the cooking myself acknowledge. The term verbal indicates that a gerund, like the other two kinds of verbals, is based on a verb and therefore expresses action or a state of being. Gerunds and infinitives are verb forms that can take the place of a noun in a sentence. The subject in which the names are used in the sentence is used in the case of the object. In such expressions, use a gerund, not an infinitive, after. The gerund phrase is the direct object of finished. The gerund is often confused with the present participle. He feels that singing well is impossible without lengthy training. The word smoking is formed from the verb smoke by adding ing.
Using gerunds and infinitives advice on academic writing. Gerunds and infinitives are sometimes referred to as verb complements. Verbs followed by gerunds in english eslbuzz learning. Using gerunds and infinitives gerunds and infinitives are verb forms that can take the place of a noun in a sentence. Jun 15, 2011 she acknowledged having been at fault in the past. Place a box around the noun or pronoun it is modifying.
Pdf theoretical data collection and data analysis with. Regret with the gerund refers to a previous action. It can be printed and given to your students as handouts. Verbs followed by gerunds in english eslbuzz learning english.
The battle of trojans was the greatest war in ancient greece. A verbal phrase consists of a verbal and its modifiers and complements. Having cleaned her room, jolene went outside for a walk. The good news is that our threepart tutorial gives you twenty gerund and infinitive tips to take you from beginner to pro. A gerund, which functions as a noun, can consist of a single word or a phrase. Infinitive and gerund infinitive after an adjective example.
Learning to use gerunds and infinitives can feel a bit overwhelming at first. Unlike a normal noun, a gerund maintains some verblike properties for example, a gerund can take a direct object and be modified with an adverb. Imho, this is the active form fitting to the passive. Complete each sentence with a gerund or infinitive. Beim anhangen des ing gibt es folgende ausnahmeregeln. Mar 23, 2020 a gerund is a verbal that ends in ing and functions as a noun. Studying is a gerund that has a direct object, english. Gerunds and infinitives part 1 easy and clear rules the gerund can be used as the subject of a sentence. The gerund, detailed expressions and example sentences. A gerund is a noun formed by taking a verb and adding the suffix ing. We regret to inform you the interview is cancelled. Allison, racing down the stairs, dropped her books. Common verbs followed by the gerund perfect english grammar.
Grammar worksheet gerunds used as subjects complete the sentences below by using the ing gerund form of the verbs on the right. It provides your students with exercises on gerund and infinitive. Stop a even though the doctors did what they could, the patient finally stopped breathing. A gerund is the ing form of a verb when it functions grammatically as a noun in a sentence. Gerunds, participles, and infinitives a verbal is a verb that functions as some other part of speech in a sentence. The gerund is obtained by adding the ing tag to a verb root. You can see that here in this sentence, the word smoking does the function of a subject noun. They may function as subjects or objects in a sentence. Learn useful list of verbs followed by gerunds in english with examples.
Staying up too late is the gerund phrase that functions as the object of the main verb is. Gerunds are identical in appearance to present participles, but they are not used to form tenses of the verb or provide adjectival information. Is the gerund in the following sentencesquestions used as a subject, object or as a complement. Vowa verlag pmp4 108 infinitive with or without to insert to. Following are some lists of the most common combinations. Thats because the gerund looks exactly like the present participle. She will remember dancing with me now or in the past she will remember having danced with me in the past. A separate page deals with verbs that are followed by the gerund. A gerund accompanied by its objects, complements, andor modifiers is called a gerund phrase or simply a noun phrase. We have already talked about gerunds and infinitives usages and differences.
Regret with the infinitive is used to give bad news in a formal, polite way. The gerund phrase is the subject of the verb takes. She acknowledged being at fault now or in the past. Defining a rule for the use of infinitive and gerund complements gregory conti corresponding author foreign language center of the university of perugia via errico dal pozzo, 06100 perugia, italy. Typically the gerund of a finite verb may be followed by a direct object e. Note 1 the gerund with a direct object is practically limited to the genitive and the ablative without a preposition. Gerund phrases always function as nouns, so they will be subjects, subject complements, or objects in the sentence. Waking up early is the gerund phrase that forms the subject of the main verb is.
Some common verbs followed by a gerund note that phrasal verbs, marked here with, always fall into this category. The following guidelines and lists will help you figure out whether a gerund or infinitive is needed. The result of this comparative and relational analysis is a simple rule by which language learners can understand and effectively use the two complements correctly. Read the following text and underline all gerunds and infinitives. A gerund phrase is a group of words beginning with a gerund and including any modifiers to that gerund. She decided to be a nun in order to avoid meeting him bear. Verbs followed by gerunds and infinitives infinitives and gerunds1 often occur after verbs. Gerunds are identical in appearance to present participles. Verb forms gerunds and infinitives english grammar. The gerund phrase the gerund phrase consists of the gerund, which always ends in ing, and its modifiers and complements. Like nouns, gerunds and gerund phrases can function as subjects, objects, or complements in a sentence. Fighting between the greeks and trojans was the greatest war in ancient greece. Gerund and gerundive dickinson college commentaries. A gerund is one of three classes of words called verbals words based on verbs and expressing an action or a state of being but serving another grammatical function.
Common verbs followed by the gerund perfect english. The italicized texts in the above examples are the gerund phrases. Grammatik gerund or infinitive 4 losungen exercise 1 fill in the right form. The gerund phrase is the object of the preposition after. The gerund is commonly used after quite a few different verbs. Whether you use a gerund or an infinitive depends on the main verb in the sentence. The jury acknowledged him to be the most valuable player. Reading is a gerund used alone as the subject of the sentence. Use it is adjective to infinitive to make the infinitive the subject of a sentence. Gerund phrases always function as nouns, so they will be subjects. Theoretical data collection and data analysis with gerunds in a constructivist grounded theory study article pdf available in electronic journal on business research methods 152. The term gerund is used in traditional grammar, but many contemporary linguists prefer instead to use the ing form instead.
A gerund may function syntactically in the same way as a finite verb. Underline with one line the participles and participial phrases. The gerund looks exactly the same as a present participle, but it is useful to understand the difference between the two. A gerund is a verbal, which is a nonverb created from a verb. Is the gerund subject or object in the sentence in an exercise. Page 1 of 15 verbals gerunds and participles gerunds. Gerunds common verbs followed by gerunds a gerund is a noun formed by taking a verb and adding the suffix ing. The gerund always has the same function as a noun although it looks like a verb. The gerund, detailed expressions and example sentences the gerund is a verb that acts like a noun in a sentence. Following a verb gerund or infinitive both gerunds and infinitives can replace a noun as the object of a verb.
Note 2 the gerund or gerundive is often found coordinated with nominal constructions, and sometimes even in apposition with a noun. Gerund as a direct object a gerund or gerund phrase can also be the object of a verb, making it the recipient of an action ex. A verbal is a word formed from a verb but functioning as a different part of speech, usually a noun. The most advanced use of gerund and infinitive learn esl. A gerund is a verbal that ends in ing and acts as a noun. Learn useful list of verbs followed by gerunds in english with example sentences, video and esl pictures. Gerund some common verbs followed by a gerund note that phrasal verbs, marked here with, always fall into this category. Defining a rule for the use of infinitive and gerund. Although a gerund phrase can function as the subject of a sentence, adding an ing to a verb does not make it a noun. A gerund phrase consists of the gerund with its modifiers and complements. Gerund as the subject of a sentence reading is her favorite pastime. Rewrite the sentences using a gerund or an infinitive form of the underline verb.
A participle is a verb form that is used as an adjective. Gerunds are not, however, all that easy to identify. Here in part 1, we introduce gerunds and infinitives and explain the basics of everyday usage. A gerund phrase will begin with a gerund, an ing word, and will include other modifiers andor objects. Each one starts with a gerund and includes modifiers. In the english language, there are three basic types of verbals. He says that he knows he lost the election my propositions. How do i know when a verb should be followed by a gerund.
The dative of the gerund and gerundive is used in a few expressions after verbs. Page 1 of 15 verbals gerunds and participles gerunds a gerund is a verbal that ends in ing and functions as a noun. Gerund and infinitive phrases gerunds and infinitives are both verbals. On this page you can try some gerund and infinitive exercises to test your knowledge in the first exercise there is a story about ali, who is taking the ielts test in order to go and study abroad.
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